原文简介 (Introduction)放这里,有条件的可以直接理解原版。一并借用笑来老师的中文翻译,供中英文对照着看。
Commerce on the Internet has come to rely almost exclusively on financial institutions serving as trusted third parties to process electronic payments. While the system works well enough for most transactions, it still suffers from the inherent weaknesses of the trust based model. Completely nonreversible transactions are not really possible, since financial institutions cannot avoid mediating disputes. The cost of mediation increases transaction costs, limiting the minimum practicaltransaction size and cutting off the possibility for small casual transactions, and there is a broader cost in the loss of ability to make non-reversiblepayments for non-reversible services. With the possibility of reversal, the need for trust spreads. Merchants must be wary of their customers,hassling them for more information than they would otherwise need. A certain percentage of fraud is accepted as unavoidable. These costs and payment uncertainties can be avoided in person by using physical currency, but no mechanism exists to make payments over a communications channel without a trusted party.
互联⽹商业⼏乎完全依赖⾦融机构作为可信第三⽅去处理电⼦⽀付。虽然针对⼤多数交易来说,这个系统还算不错,但,它仍然被基于信任的模型所固有的缺陷所拖累。完全不可逆转的交易实际上并不可能,因为⾦融机构不能避免仲裁争议。仲裁成本增加了交易成本,进⽽限制了最⼩可能交易的规模,且⼲脆阻⽌了很多⼩额⽀付交易。除此之外,还有更⼤的成本:系统⽆法为那些不可逆的服务提供不可逆的⽀付。逆转的可能性,造成了对于信任的需求⽆所不在。商家必须提防着他们的顾客,麻烦顾客提供若⾮如此(如若信任)就并不必要的更多信息。⼀定⽐例的欺诈,被认为是不可避免的。这些成本和⽀付不确定性,虽然在⼈与⼈之间直接使⽤物理货币⽀付的时候是可以避免的;但,没有任何⼀个机制能在双⽅在其中⼀⽅不被信任的情况下通过沟通渠道进⾏⽀付。
What is needed is an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party. Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would protect sellers from fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms could easily be implemented to protect buyers. In this paper, we propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer distributed timestamp server to generate computational proof of the chronological order of transactions. The system is secure as long as honest nodes collectively control more CPU power than any cooperating group of attacker nodes.
我们真正需要的是⼀种基于加密证明⽽⾮基于信任的电⼦⽀付系统,允许任意双⽅在不需要信任第三⽅的情况下直接交易。算⼒保障的不可逆转交易能帮助卖家不被欺诈,⽽保护买家的⽇常担保机制也很容易实现。在本论⽂中,我们将提出⼀种针对双重⽀出的解决⽅案,使⽤点对点的、分布式的时间戳服务器去⽣成基于算⼒的证明,按照时间顺序记录每条交易。此系统是安全的,只要诚实节点总体上相对于相互合作的攻击者掌握更多的 CPU 算⼒。 传统支付系统的问题
我猜,你大概率和我当初一样,不说像学术论文一样艰深,难度级别和阅读友好程度也是不相上下了,这谁能读明白,谁能读进去啊,老天爷!
别急,这就大白话拆一拆。
这个引言究竟讲了些啥?
说白了,它就讲了俩事:第一,先说传统银行和支付系统存在绕不开的中介问题,比特币可以解决。第二,再展开讲比特币是怎么解决的,为啥这么重要blabla。
传统遇到了啥问题?
我相信你能很快还原到日常的支付场景,这年头谁还离得开微信和支付宝,再不济也有银行卡。当我们用银行转账或支付宝付款的时候,都是通过银行或支付平台来做验证和记录的。
这就意味着: